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PubMed - Adenoid Cystic Carcinoma (50 unread)

Adenoid cystic carcinoma of the head and neck: Incidence and survival trends based on 1973-2007 Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results data.

Fetched: February 3rd, 2012, 10:00pm MST

Adenoid cystic carcinoma of the head and neck: Incidence and survival trends based on 1973-2007 Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results data.

Cancer. 2012 Jan 31;

Authors: Ellington CL, Goodman M, Kono SA, Grist W, Wadsworth T, Chen AY, Owonikoko T, Ramalingam S, Shin DM, Khuri FR, Beitler JJ, Saba NF

Abstract
BACKGROUND: Adenoid cystic carcinoma (ACC) of the head and neck (ACCHN) is a rare tumor of minor salivary, parotid, and submandibular glands. The biologic behavior of the disease is poorly understood, and nonsurgical treatment strategies have yet to be standardized. The long-term prognosis continues to be guarded, with an estimated 10-year survival of <60%. Population-based studies examining ACC are scarce. The authors aimed to analyze incidence rates and survival outcomes for patients diagnosed with ACCHN using national population-based data. METHODS: Data were obtained from the US National Cancer Institute's Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) program. Newly diagnosed ACCHN cases reported to SEER from 1973 through 2007 were categorized according to their sex, race, age, year of diagnosis, marital status, treatment interventions, primary tumor site, and disease stage. Incidence of ACCHN and postdiagnosis survival were examined over time and compared across different demographic and disease-related categories. RESULTS: The authors identified 3026 patients with ACCHN. The mean age at diagnosis among those cases was 57.4 years (range, 11-99 years). Analyses of incidence data demonstrated a decline in ACCHN rates between 1973 and 2007, noted across all sexes and races with no detectable inflexion points. The overall 5-year, 10-year, and 15-year survival outcomes for ACCHN patients were 90.3%, 79.9%, and 69.2%, respectively. Females, patients with localized disease, and younger patients were found to have significantly better survival across all time periods (all comparison-specific log-rank P values <0.001). Multivariate analyses revealed better prognosis among women compared with men (hazard ratio [HR], 0.73; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.65-0.82), among married compared with unmarried individuals (HR, 0.81; 95% CI, 0.71-0.91), with certain sites of origin and stage of disease (HR, 2.788; 95% CI, 2.36-3.29), and in those who had surgery of the primary tumor site (HR, 0.45; 95% CI, 0.37-0.54). CONCLUSIONS: The overall incidence of ACC is declining. The noted differences in survival based on sex, marital status, site of origin, and treatment intervention require further investigation. Cancer 2012. © 2012 American Cancer Society.

PMID: 22294420 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Polymorphus low-grade adenocarcinoma of the maxilla: pathological findings and reconstructive considerations.

Fetched: January 27th, 2012, 10:00pm MST

Polymorphus low-grade adenocarcinoma of the maxilla: pathological findings and reconstructive considerations.

Minerva Stomatol. 2012 Jan-Feb;61(1-2):37-43

Authors: Cuesta M, Bucci T, Gonzalez Lopez LM, Duarte Ruiz B, Riba Garcia F

Abstract
Polymorphous low-grade adenocarcinoma (PLGA) is a rare, malignant salivary gland tumor, which is found almost exclusively in minor salivary glands, primarily those in the palate. We report a case of PLGA arising from minor salivary gland of the palate in a 63-year-old female patient. The tumor was resected through the oral cavity performing a bilateral maxillectomy and surgical defect was reconstructed using a free radial forearm flap combined with iliac crest bone graft. The patient was free of disease at 48 months follow-up. The histopathological features of PLGA, the importance of differential diagnosis from pleomorphic adenoma and adenoid cystic carcinoma and the type of reconstruction are discussed in this article.

PMID: 22274309 [PubMed - in process]
Oestrogen receptor β in adenoid cystic carcinoma of salivary glands.

Fetched: January 22nd, 2012, 10:00pm MST

Oestrogen receptor β in adenoid cystic carcinoma of salivary glands.

Histopathology. 2012 Jan 19;

Authors: Marques YM, Giudice FS, Freitas VM, Abreu E Lima MD, Hunter KD, Speight PM, Machado de Sousa SC

Abstract
Marques Y M F S, Giudice F S, Freitas V M, Abreu e Lima M d C C, Hunter K D, Speight P M & Machado de Sousa S C O (2012) Histopathology Oestrogen receptor β in adenoid cystic carcinoma of salivary glands Aims: This study aimed to describe the expression of oestrogen receptor (ER)α, ERβ and aromatase in salivary gland adenoid cystic carcinoma (ACC). Methods and results: ERα, ERβ and aromatase expression was analysed by immunohistochemistry in tissue microarray blocks from 38 cases of ACC and seven normal salivary glands. The intracellular localization and amount of total protein expression were investigated by immunofluorescence and western blotting in an ACC cell line. Western blotting analysis showed overexpression of ERα, ERβ and aromatase in the ACC cell line; however, with immunofluorescence, only ERβ was shown to be expressed in the nucleus. Immunohistochemistry revealed positive nuclear expression of ERβ, positive cytoplasmic expression of aromatase and a lack of ERα expression as compared with normal salivary glands. Conclusions: The nuclear expression of ERβ indicates that oestrogen may be active in ACC and possibly able to mediate E2-targeted gene transcription. This study strongly suggests that ERβ may be involved in tumour progression, playing a role in tumour development, and thus corroborating the indication for ER antagonists in the clinical control of ACC. This study opens a new perspective on the potential use of anti-oestrogens and aromatase inhibitors as therapeutic agents against ACC.

PMID: 22260414 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Primary intracranial adenoid cystic carcinoma.

Fetched: January 22nd, 2012, 10:00pm MST

Primary intracranial adenoid cystic carcinoma.

Clin Neurol Neurosurg. 2012 Jan 16;

Authors: Ma L, Liu JG, Liu XS, You C

PMID: 22257517 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Long-term treatment outcome of minor salivary gland carcinoma of the hard palate.

Fetched: January 20th, 2012, 10:00pm MST

Long-term treatment outcome of minor salivary gland carcinoma of the hard palate.

Oral Oncol. 2012 Jan 14;

Authors: Li Q, Zhang XR, Liu XK, Liu ZM, Liu WW, Li H, Guo ZM

Abstract
Minor salivary gland carcinoma of the hard palate is rare, and its long-term survival rate is high, making it difficult to evaluate the prognostic factors and the efficacy of treatment. This study was designed to evaluate the treatment outcome of minor salivary gland carcinoma of the hard palate. 103 cases of minor salivary gland carcinoma of the hard palate treated with surgery alone or underwent surgery combined with post-operative radiotherapy hospitalized in Cancer Center, Sun Yet-Sen University, from 1968 to 2008 were reviewed retrospectively. The most common histologic types were adenoid cystic carcinoma in 48 patients(46.6%), mucoepidermoid carcinoma in 37(35.92%), malignant mixed tumor in 15(14.56%), and acinic cell carcinoma in 3(2.91%). The median follow-up time was 74.83months (range 0.9-356.57months). Overall outcomes at 5 and 10years were overall survival (OS), 77.9% and 65.7%; recurrence-free survival (RFS), 64.4% and 53.2%; and disease specific survival (DSS), 77.9% and 67.7%, respectively. There was no significant difference in overall survival (P=0.52), recurrence-free survival (P=0.762) and disease specific survival (P=0.449) between patients who underwent surgery alone and those who underwent surgery plus post-operative radiotherapy. Surgery has been accepted as the primary treatment for minor salivary gland carcinoma of hard palate. Sufficient surgical excision with adequate margins is essential for a favorable outcome. We advocate using radiotherapy in the post-operative context for patients with poorly differentiated, cervical lymph node metastasis, positive or close margins, and large primary lesions.

PMID: 22248739 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Salivary Gland Cancers: Biology and Molecular Targets for Therapy.

Fetched: January 20th, 2012, 10:00pm MST

Salivary Gland Cancers: Biology and Molecular Targets for Therapy.

Curr Oncol Rep. 2012 Jan 14;

Authors: Bell D, Hanna EY

Abstract
Salivary gland carcinomas are a heterogeneous group of tumors with different biologic behavior. Given the lack of large randomized studies, there is no standard treatment for advanced and/or metastatic salivary gland tumors, and systemic therapy is empirically based. Tumor-specific recurrent chromosomal translocations and fusion oncogenes in aggressive head and neck malignancies have diagnostic, therapeutic, and prognostic implications. Pathognomonic fusion transcripts have been identified in subsets of mucoepidermoid carcinoma and adenoid cystic carcinoma. These translocations target 1) transcription factors involved in growth factor signaling and cell cycle regulation, 2) transcriptional co-activators, and 3) tyrosine kinase receptors. Prioritizing studies with a translational component to advance the molecular understanding of these cancers and molecular-targeted therapy clinical trials is critical.

PMID: 22246609 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
[The effect of MAB225 on radiosensitivity of salivary gland adenoid cystic carcinoma].

Fetched: January 20th, 2012, 10:00pm MST

[The effect of MAB225 on radiosensitivity of salivary gland adenoid cystic carcinoma].

Shanghai Kou Qiang Yi Xue. 2011 Dec;20(6):603-7

Authors: Liu L, Liu XM, Lv Y, Hu HS, Cai YL

Abstract
PURPOSE: To observe the effect of epidermal growth factor receptor's monoclonal antibody(MAB225) on radiosensitivity of salivary gland adenoid cystic carcinoma cell.
METHODS: Bi-fluorescence stain ,MTT test and fluorescence flow cytometry(FCM) were used to observe the apoptosis rate and radiosensitizing effect for MAB225 on ACC-2 cell.SPSS11.0 software package was used for data analysis.
RESULTS: Through bi-fluorescence stain, MTT test and fluorescence flow cytometry(FCM),it was found that MAB225 combined with radiation treatment produced a 3-fold induction of apoptosis rate, whereas exposure to radiation alone induced apoptosis only 1 fold, compared to the control group.
CONCLUSION: MAB225 enhanced radiosensitivity and decreased survival rates of ACC-2 cell in vitro after radiation.

PMID: 22241308 [PubMed - in process]
Spiradenocylindroma: rapid increase in size attributed to hemorrhage.

Fetched: January 20th, 2012, 10:00pm MST

Spiradenocylindroma: rapid increase in size attributed to hemorrhage.

J Dermatol. 2011 Sep;38(9):944-7

Authors: Yazganoglu KD, Baykal C, Buyukbabani N

PMID: 21998839 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
Cytopathologic analysis of stroma-poor salivary gland epithelial/myoepithelial neoplasms on fine needle aspiration.

Fetched: January 14th, 2012, 10:00pm MST

Cytopathologic analysis of stroma-poor salivary gland epithelial/myoepithelial neoplasms on fine needle aspiration.

Acta Cytol. 2012;56(1):25-33

Authors: Chen L, Ray N, He H, Hoschar A

Abstract
Objective: Fine needle aspiration (FNA) diagnosis of salivary gland neoplasms with epithelial/myoepithelial cells but rare or no stroma is usually difficult. Our aim was to study the cytomorphology of this cohort of FNA cases and evaluate the clinical follow-up. Study Design: The diagnostic terminology for this group of aspirates was 'favor an epithelial/myoepithelial neoplasm of the salivary gland'. The cytologic smears of 32 such cases were retrieved and showed cellular smears with bland-appearing or mildly atypical epithelial and myoepithelial cells without typical chondromyxoid stroma seen in pleomorphic adenoma (PA). Results: Twenty of the 32 cases had histologic follow-up. Ten of these 20 cases were PAs, including 8 cellular PAs. Two cases were basal cell adenomas, 1 case myoepithelioma and 1 case benign adenoma, not otherwise specified. Among the 6 malignant tumors on surgical resections, there were 3 epithelial-myoepithelial carcinomas, 1 myoepithelial carcinoma, 1 basal cell adenocarcinoma and 1 adenoid cystic carcinoma. Conclusions: Although 14 of the 20 (70%) cases were benign neoplasms, a substantial amount of cases (30%) were malignant salivary gland neoplasms. The generic diagnostic terminology of 'epithelial/myoepithelial neoplasm of the salivary gland' and appropriate clinical follow-up are recommended for these cases.

PMID: 22236742 [PubMed - in process]
Clinicopathological features of salivary and non-salivary adenoid cystic carcinomas.

Fetched: January 12th, 2012, 10:00pm MST

Clinicopathological features of salivary and non-salivary adenoid cystic carcinomas.

Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg. 2012 Jan 7;

Authors: Lin YC, Chen KC, Lin CH, Kuo KT, Ko JY, Hong RL

Abstract
Adenoid cystic carcinoma (ACC), commonly from salivary glands, is known for its insidious local growth and usually protracted clinical course. ACC developing from non-salivary glands (i.e., non-salivary ACC) is heterogeneous, and its clinicopathological features remain poorly defined. Patients treated for ACC in a single institution between 1995 and 2007 were included in this study. Immunohistochemical evaluation of Ki-67, E-cadherin, p16, and cyclinD1 was performed. The prognostic significance of clinical and immunophenotypic markers was evaluated. 83 cases of salivary ACC and 24 cases of non-salivary ACC were included. The expression levels of Ki-67 (54.8%), E-cadherin (90.4%), p16 (32.9%), and cyclinD1 (19.2%) between ACCs present at various sites were not different. Sinonasal, lacrimal, and tracheobronchial ACCs had significantly worse outcomes than those of ACC of the major salivary glands. Postoperative radiotherapy reduced the recurrence rate of patients with a negative resection margin (P=0.028). Older age (age >60 years), advanced stage, positive resection margin, high histological grade, and high expression of Ki-67 were significantly correlated with poor prognosis. In conclusion, the site of origin plays a role in the prognosis of ACC, in which positive resection margin and advanced stage are possible factors underlying the differences in outcomes.

PMID: 22230288 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Primary cutaneous adenoid cystic carcinoma of the upper lid: a case report and literature review.

Fetched: January 11th, 2012, 10:00pm MST

Primary cutaneous adenoid cystic carcinoma of the upper lid: a case report and literature review.

Int Ophthalmol. 2012 Jan 7;

Authors: Cavazza S, Laffi GL, Lodi L, Collina G

Abstract
To report on the diagnostic challenge of an adenoid cystic carcinoma arising from the eyelid. A 77-year-old male was referred to our center with a clinical diagnosis of upper eyelid chalazion for a lesion that had appeared 2 years before. A loss of cilia was observed over the cutaneous area of induration, but there was no reddening or ulceration. Incisional biopsy was performed and the specimen was submitted in formalin for histopathological examination. On light microscopy, the lesion was composed of basaloid epithelial and myoepithelial cells that were arranged in strands or nests and associated with cystic spaces that contained a deeply eosinophilic secretory substance and an Alcian blue-positive material, characteristic of adenoid cystic carcinoma. After histological diagnosis, tumor re-excision was performed to ensure adequacy of resection margins, as well as a sentinel lymph node procedure, resulting in complete excision of the malignant tumor. No recurrence was observed during the first 18 months after surgery. Adenoid cystic carcinoma is a rare and aggressive epithelial malignancy, which tends to grow slowly and should be considered in the differential diagnosis of eyelid tumors simulating chalazion.

PMID: 22228272 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Immuno-histochemical evaluation of Cathepsin D in malignant salivary gland carcinomas.

Fetched: January 11th, 2012, 10:00pm MST

Immuno-histochemical evaluation of Cathepsin D in malignant salivary gland carcinomas.

Gulf J Oncolog. 2012 Jan;1(11):38-44

Authors: Sivaranjini Y, Angadi PV, Kumar G

Abstract
Objective: Cathepsin D is a lysosomal acid protease secreted in increased levels in several malignancies. However, its role in salivary gland tumors has not been studied extensively. The present study aims to assess the expression of Cathepsin D in malignant salivary gland tumors and to compare its expression in these tumors. Study design: A total of 30 cases of malignant salivary gland carcinomas which included 16 cases of adenoid cystic carcinoma (ACC), 9 cases of mucoepidermoid carcinoma (MEC), and 5 cases of polymorphous low grade adenocarcinoma (PLGA) were evaluated immunohistochemically using anti-Cathepsin D antibody. Result: All the cases showed positivity (100%) for Cathepsin D with intense expression noted in ACC and MEC as compared to PLGA. Comparison of these tumors revealed statistical significant difference in expression between ACC and PLGA. Conclusion: Intense expression of Cathepsin D in high grade carcinomas may be a marker for invasive potential and aggressive behavior. Key words: Cathepsin D, Adenoid cystic carcinoma, Mucoepidermoid carcinoma, Polymorphous low grade adenocarcinoma.

PMID: 22227544 [PubMed - in process]
Adenoid cystic carcinoma of the head and neck.

Fetched: January 11th, 2012, 10:00pm MST

Adenoid cystic carcinoma of the head and neck.

Am J Otolaryngol. 2012 Jan 4;

Authors: Balamucki CJ, Amdur RJ, Werning JW, Vaysberg M, Morris CG, Kirwan JM, Mendenhall WM

Abstract
PURPOSE: To report our experience using radiotherapy alone or combined with surgery to treat adenoid cystic carcinoma of the head and neck. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Radiotherapy alone or combined with surgery was used to treat 120 previously untreated patients with adenoid cystic carcinoma (ACC) of the head and neck from August 1966 to March 2008. Patients were treated with curative intent. American Joint Committee on Cancer stage distribution was,T0 (n = 1), T1 (n = 26), T2 (n = 25), T3 (n = 14), T4 (n = 54), N0 (n = 113), N1 (n = 2), N2a (n = 1), N2b (n = 2), and N2c (n = 2). Treatment included surgery with postoperative radiotherapy (n = 71), radiotherapy alone (n = 46), and preoperative radiotherapy and surgery (n = 3). Incidental and clinical perineural invasion was found in 41 (34%) and 35 (29%) patients, respectively. Median follow-up was 8.6 and 11.6 years overall and among living patients, respectively. RESULTS: The10-year overall, cause-specific, and distant metastasis-free survival rates, respectively, were as follows: radiotherapy alone, 37%, 46%, and 76%; surgery and radiotherapy, 57%, 71%, and 62%; and overall, 50%. The10-year local control rates were as follows: radiotherapy alone, 36%; surgery and radiotherapy, 84%; and overall, 65%. The 10-year neck control rates were as follows: elective nodal irradiation (ENI), 98%; no ENI, 89%; and overall, 95%. CONCLUSIONS: Surgery and adjuvant radiotherapy offer the best chance for cure for patients with resectable adenoid cystic carcinomas of the head and neck. Some patients with advanced, incompletely resectable disease can be cured with radiotherapy alone. ENI should be considered for primary sites located in lymphatic-rich regions.

PMID: 22226227 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Cytogenetic findings in benign and malignant oral tumors - the role of autologous human plasma.

Fetched: January 11th, 2012, 10:00pm MST

Cytogenetic findings in benign and malignant oral tumors - the role of autologous human plasma.

Br J Oral Maxillofac Surg. 2012 Jan 5;

Authors: Manor E, Tetro S, Brennan PA, Bodner L

Abstract
The present study examined the possible use of autologous human plasma (AHP) to improve the in vitro culture for cytogenetics of benign and malignant oral tumor cells. The effect of AHP on the growth of a variety of benign and malignant head and neck tumor cells was studied by inverted microscope and cytogenetic analysis. Minced tumor biopsies of cases of hemangioma (HM), lipoma (LP), central giant cell granuloma (GC), pleomorphic adenoma (PA), schwannoma (SW), oral squamous cell carcinoma (SCC), Ewing sarcoma (ES), Merkel cell carcinoma (MCC) and adenoid cystic carcinoma (ACC), were cultured in medium supplemented with either AHP, allogeneic pooled human plasma (PHP), or fetal calf serum (FCS). More fibroblasts were seen in the FCS supplemented cultures, while in HP or PHP culture medium, more epithelial-like tumor cells were noted. The karyotypes of HM, LP, GC and PA were normal in all 3 different mediums. Cytogenetic analysis of SW and SCC revealed random numerical changes in all cultures. However, in AHP cultures a clone bearing translocation was found in SW t(2;13). In the SCC cultures one tumor had t(12;14) and the other t(3;21) translocations. Complex karyotype was found in all kinds of cultures in ES, MCC and ACC. AHP by itself does not cause chromosomal aberrations but may improve the ability to find chromosomal aberrations in some tumors over medium containing FCS. The spectrum of oral tumors where AHP can improve the cytogenetic analyses should be further studied on a greater number of tumors.

PMID: 22226016 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
A Case of Adenoid Cystic Carcinoma Presenting as Garcin's Syndrome without Mass Formation.

Fetched: January 6th, 2012, 10:00pm MST

A Case of Adenoid Cystic Carcinoma Presenting as Garcin's Syndrome without Mass Formation.

Intern Med. 2012;51(1):87-91

Authors: Inose Y, Kobayashi M, Hiroi A, Toi S, Maruyama K, Shimizu Y, Shibata N, Yoshihara T, Uchiyama S

Abstract
Adenoid cystic carcinoma (ACC) is a malignant neoplasm that commonly arises in the major or minor salivary gland and usually forms mass lesions. Here, we report a case of ACC involving a 56-year-old man, who displayed right multiple cranial nerve palsies with ipsilateral severe facial pain but not any mass formation. Right submaxillary gland biopsy after repeated challenges at last revealed the primary focus of ACC with perineural invasion and without lymph node metastasis. The neurological manifestations were considered to be attributed to the perineural spread of ACC. It is extremely rare for ACC to show Garcin's syndrome without mass formation.

PMID: 22214630 [PubMed - in process]
Treatment outcomes and prognostic features in adenoid cystic carcinoma originated from the head and neck.

Fetched: January 4th, 2012, 10:00pm MST

Treatment outcomes and prognostic features in adenoid cystic carcinoma originated from the head and neck.

Oral Oncol. 2011 Dec 29;

Authors: Shen C, Xu T, Huang C, Hu C, He S

Abstract
Surgery is the main treatment modality for adenoid cystic carcinoma (ACC) originated from the head and neck. However, the extensive local infiltrative and perineural spread related to this malignancy often cause difficulty to achieve high tumor control. The aim of this study is to evaluate the efficacy of postoperative radiotherapy (RT) in ACC, and to identify prognostic variables associated with treatment outcomes. A retrospective review of 101 patients diagnosed with ACC in the head and neck region was performed. T stage distribution was T1, 25; T2, 35; T3, 18; and T4, 23 patients. All patients were grouped into two arms: surgery alone or combined with postoperative radiotherapy. The 5-year local-regional control (LRC), overall survival (OS) and disease-free survival (DFS) rates for all the patients were 70.5%, 91.7% and 63.2%, respectively. On univariant analysis, postoperative radiotherapy did improve the 5-year LRC and DFS compared to surgery alone (81.0% vs. 53.4%, p=0.0003 and 71.3% vs. 50.0%, p=0.0052, respectively). And patients with T1-T2 lesions achieved better treatment outcomes, whereas stage T3-T4 was associated with high local failure and poor disease-free survival. Furthermore, multivariate analysis revealed that the addition of radiotherapy and early lesions were both favorite predictors for local control and survival rates. The prognosis for ACC of the head and neck was excellent. Surgery combined with postoperative radiotherapy significantly reduced the local failure, and further improved disease-free survival. Nevertheless, the relatively high distant metastasis was an obstacle of curing the ACC patients.

PMID: 22209446 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
EMMPRIN contributes to the in vitro invasion of human salivary adenoid cystic carcinoma cells.

Fetched: December 29th, 2011, 10:00pm MST

EMMPRIN contributes to the in vitro invasion of human salivary adenoid cystic carcinoma cells.

Oncol Rep. 2011 Dec 22;

Authors: Yang X, Zhang P, Ma Q, Kong L, Li Y, Liu B, Lei D

Abstract
Extracellular matrix metalloproteinase inducer (EMMPRIN) is a transmembrane glycoprotein that is involved in tumor invasion by stimulating matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) expression. Our previous immunohistochemical study found that the expression of EMMPRIN in salivary adenoid cystic carcinoma (SACC) was positively correlated with tumor perineural and perivascular invasion. The present study was designed to further investigate the role of EMMPRIN in the invasion of SACC. Western blot results showed that EMMPRIN was upregulated in the highly metastatic SACC cell line SACC-LM, compared to SACC-83, a SACC cell line with low metastatic ability. Blocking of EMMPRIN by its antibody significantly decreased the adhesion, secretion of MMP-2 and MMP-9, and invasion activity of SACC-LM cells in vitro (P<0.01). Co-cultures of SACC-LM cells with fibroblasts significantly produced elevated levels of MMP-2 and MMP-9, and promoted the in vitro invasion activity of SACC-LM cells, compared with cultures of SACC-LM cells alone (P<0.01). These results indicate that EMMPRIN may play an important role in the invasion of SACC by stimulating the expression of MMP-2 and MMP-9 in tumor and stromal cells.

PMID: 22200897 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Nasopharyngeal adenoid cystic carcinoma: magnetic resonance imaging features in ten cases.

Fetched: December 29th, 2011, 10:00pm MST

Nasopharyngeal adenoid cystic carcinoma: magnetic resonance imaging features in ten cases.

Chin J Cancer. 2011 Dec 23;

Authors: Liu XW, Xie CM, Li H, Zhang R, Geng ZJ, Mo YX, Zhao J, Cai MY, Lv YC, Wu PH

Abstract
Nasopharyngeal adenoid cystic carcinoma (NACC) is a rare malignancy with high local invasiveness. To date, there is no clear consensus on the imaging characteristics of NACC. To address this, we retrospectively reviewed 10 cases of NACC and summarized the magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) features. Magnetic resonance images of 10 patients with histologically validated NACC were reviewed by two experienced radiologists. The locations, shapes, margins, signal intensity, lesion texture, contrast enhancement patterns, local invasion, and cervical lymphadenopathy of all tumors were evaluated. Clinical and pathological records were also reviewed. None of the patients tested positive for antibodies against Epstein-Barr virus (EBV). The imaging patterns of primary tumors were classified into two types as determined by location, shape, and margins. Of all patients, 7 had tumors with a type 1 imaging pattern and 3 had tumors with a type 2 imaging pattern. The 4 tubular NACCs were all homogeneous tumors, whereas 3 (60%) of 5 cribriform NACCs and the sole solid NACC were heterogeneous tumors with separations or central necrosis within the lesions on MR images. A total of 5 patients had perineural infiltration and intracranial involvement, and only 2 patients had cervical lymphadenopathy. Based on these results, we conclude that NACC is a local, aggressive neoplasm that is often associated with negative laboratory test results for EBV infection and a low incidence of cervical lymphadenopathy. Furthermore, MRI features of NACC vary in different locations and histiological subtypes.

PMID: 22200180 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
EMMPRIN silencing inhibits proliferation and perineural invasion of human salivary adenoid cystic carcinoma cells in vitro and in vivo.

Fetched: December 28th, 2011, 10:00pm MST

EMMPRIN silencing inhibits proliferation and perineural invasion of human salivary adenoid cystic carcinoma cells in vitro and in vivo.

Cancer Biol Ther. 2012 Jan 15;13(2)

Authors: Yang X, Zhang P, Ma Q, Kong L, Li Y, Liu B, Lei D

Abstract
Salivary adenoid cystic carcinoma (SACC) is a frequent subtype of salivary gland malignancy, and it has an important biological behavior for perineural invasion (PNI). Extracellular matrix metalloproteinase inducer (EMMPRIN) is a transmembrane glycoprotein that is involved in the invasive property of many malignancies by stimulating matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) expression. The present study was designed to investigate the role and possible mechanism of EMMPRIN in the PNI of SACC using RNA interference (RNAi) technology. We found that silencing of EMMPRIN expression in the human SACC cell line (SACC-83) suppressed the cell proliferation, adhesion, MMP-2 and MMP-9 secretion, and PNI activity in vitro. EMMPRIN silencing also inhibited the tumor growth and Ki-67 labeled proliferation index in vivo. Using tumor PNI models in nude mice, EMMPRIN silencing inhibited the infiltration, swelling and functional loss of the affected sciatic nerves, as well as the expression of MMP-2 and MMP-9. These results demonstrate that EMMPRIN participates in the PNI of SACC cells by mediating the expression of MMP-2 and MMP-9. Our findings suggest that EMMPRIN is a potential target for anti-PNI treatment in SACC.

PMID: 22198615 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Histopathological study of salivary gland tumours in Ile-Ife, Nigeria.

Fetched: December 25th, 2011, 10:00pm MST

Histopathological study of salivary gland tumours in Ile-Ife, Nigeria.

Niger Postgrad Med J. 2011 Dec;18(4):257-61

Authors: Adebiyi KE, Ndukwe KZ, Ugboko VI, Omoniyi-Esan GO, Oluwafemi OO

Abstract
AIMS AND OBJECTIVES: The objective of this study is to document the prevalence and clinicopathologic features/pattern of salivary gland tumours in Ile-Ife, southwestern Nigeria.
PATIENTS AND METHODS: Fifty eight (58) cases of salivary gland tumours histologically diagnosed between January 1989 and December 2007 were identified from the biopsy records of the Departments of Morbid Anatomy and Forensic Medicine and Oral/Maxillofacial Pathology of the Obafemi Awolowo University Teaching Hospital Complex, Ile-Ife, Nigeria. The records of the patients were extracted and data on incidence, age, gender and site of the various tumours were analysed using descriptive statistics.
RESULTS: Pleomorphic adenoma was the most common salivary gland tumour reported accounting for twenty-five (43.1%), followed by Mucoepidermoid carcinoma (eight, 13.8%). Adenoid cystic carcinoma and myoepithelioma each accounted for six cases (10.3%). Non-Hodgkin's lymphoma of the salivary gland occurred in two patients. Twenty-six (44.8%) cases occurred in males while thirty-two (55.2%) occurred in females giving a male-to-female ratio of 1:1.2. The parotid region was the most common site accounting for twenty-eight (49.1%) cases, followed by the submandibular region 16 (28.1%) and palate 10(17.5%).
CONCLUSIONS: Pleomorphic adenoma is the most common salivary gland tumour. Contrary to other African studies, our series reveals mucoepidermoid carcinoma as the commonest malignant salivary gland tumour.

PMID: 22193994 [PubMed - in process]
Fertility Regulation among Women of Reproductive Age in Ibadan, South-West Nigeria: Contraception, Abortion or Both.

Fetched: December 25th, 2011, 10:00pm MST

Fertility Regulation among Women of Reproductive Age in Ibadan, South-West Nigeria: Contraception, Abortion or Both.

Niger Postgrad Med J. 2011 Dec;18(4):251-6

Authors: Owonikoko KM, Okunola MA, Adeleke AO, Akinboade AF

Abstract
AIMS AND OBJECTIVES: The objective of this study is to document the prevalence and clinicopathologic features/pattern of salivary gland tumours in Ile-Ife, southwestern Nigeria.
PATIENTS AND METHODS: Fifty eight (58) cases of salivary gland tumours histologically diagnosed between January 1989 and December 2007 were identified from the biopsy records of the Departments of Morbid Anatomy and Forensic Medicine and Oral/Maxillofacial Pathology of the Obafemi Awolowo University Teaching Hospital Complex, Ile-Ife, Nigeria. The records of the patients were extracted and data on incidence, age, gender and site of the various tumours were analysed using descriptive statistics.
RESULTS: Pleomorphic adenoma was the most common salivary gland tumour reported accounting for twenty-five (43.1%), followed by Mucoepidermoid carcinoma (eight, 13.8%). Adenoid cystic carcinoma and myoepithelioma each accounted for six cases (10.3%). Non-Hodgkin's lymphoma of the salivary gland occurred in two patients. Twenty-six (44.8%) cases occurred in males while thirty-two (55.2%) occurred in females giving a male-to-female ratio of 1:1.2. The parotid region was the most common site accounting for twenty-eight (49.1%) cases, followed by the submandibular region 16 (28.1%) and palate 10(17.5%).
CONCLUSIONS: Pleomorphic adenoma is the most common salivary gland tumour. Contrary to other African studies, our series reveals mucoepidermoid carcinoma as the commonest malignant salivary gland tumour.

PMID: 22193993 [PubMed - in process]
What is the best management strategy for adenoid cystic carcinoma of the trachea?

Fetched: December 24th, 2011, 10:00pm MST

What is the best management strategy for adenoid cystic carcinoma of the trachea?

Ann Thorac Cardiovasc Surg. 2011;17(6):535-8

Authors: Suzuki T

PMID: 22190413 [PubMed - in process]
8. Benign and malignant breast lesions mimicking each other: imaging-histopathologic correlation.

Fetched: December 23rd, 2011, 10:00pm MST

8. Benign and malignant breast lesions mimicking each other: imaging-histopathologic correlation.

Cancer Imaging. 2011;11:S180

Authors: Thein KY, Trishna SR, Reynolds V

Abstract
Aims: To determine the incidence and features of breast lesions graded as BIRADS 3 that are proved to be malignant and BIRADS 4 lesions to be benign histologically, with demonstration of their mimicking imaging features. Methods: This was a retrograde study of 101 breast lesions that were histopathologically proven at Khoo Teck Puat Hospital, Singapore from June 2010 to April 2011. The cases were double-read and graded by two radiologists accredited by the Health Promotion Board, Singapore. The concordance of the mammographic and sonographic features with the histopathologic diagnosis was discussed by the multidisciplinary breast tumour board. Results: Of a total 101 cases analyzed, 22 (21.8%) and 53 (52.5%) lesions were reported as BIRADS 3 and BIRADS 4, respectively. Twenty-six (25.7%) cases graded BIRADS 5 were clearly malignant so were not included in the study. One (4.5%) of 22 BIRADS 3 cases was proven to be malignant and 30 (56.6%) of 53 BIRADS 4 lesions were benign. The spectrum of histopathologically benign BIRADS 4 lesions was: 8 fibroadenomas, 6 inflammatory changes, 5 stromal fibrosis, 3 fibroepithelial changes, 3 fibrocystic diseases, 2 ductal papillomas, 1 benign phylloides, 1 pseudoangiomatous stromal hyperplasia and 1 columnar adenosis. The one BIRADS 3 lesion that was malignant histopathologically was a well-defined adenoid cystic carcinoma. Conclusion: There is overlap in the mammographic and sonographic features of benign and malignant breast lesions, especially those graded BIRADS 4, which may cause diagnostic confusion. Lesions graded BIRADS 3 are likely to remain benign and short-term follow-up rather than immediate biopsy is advised.

PMID: 22186419 [PubMed - in process]
β-Catenin expression in benign and malignant salivary gland tumors.

Fetched: December 22nd, 2011, 10:00pm MST

β-Catenin expression in benign and malignant salivary gland tumors.

Int J Surg Pathol. 2011 Aug;19(4):433-40

Authors: Chandrashekar C, Angadi PV, Krishnapillai R

Abstract
OBJECTIVE: To assess the expression of β-catenin in benign and malignant salivary gland tumors and to investigate the possible role of β-catenin in the behavior of salivary gland tumors.
STUDY DESIGN: Paraffin embedded tissues from 45 salivary gland tumors were studied immunohistochemically for expression of β-catenin.
RESULT: Reduced/aberrant β-catenin expression was seen in benign and malignant salivary gland tumors. Cytoplasmic localization and reduced membranous expression were comparatively observed more in malignant salivary gland tumors. Additionally, in pleomorphic adenomas (PAs), β-catenin exhibited intense staining in cells arranged in the form of ducts/tubules, whereas cells in clusters and sheets showed weaker immunoreactivity.
CONCLUSION: Reduced and cytoplasmic localization of β-catenin could indicate lack of differentiation, invasive potential, and aggressive behavior in malignant salivary gland tumors. Furthermore, change in expression based on the arrangement of tumor cells may suggest that β-catenin may have a role in morphological variations seen in PAs.

PMID: 20034989 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
Adenoid cystic carcinoma of mandible.

Fetched: December 22nd, 2011, 10:00pm MST

Adenoid cystic carcinoma of mandible.

Braz J Otorhinolaryngol. 2011 Dec;77(6):807

Authors: Santos TD, Melo DG, Gomes AC, Andrade ES, Silva ED

PMID: 22183291 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
A comparison of the demographics, clinical features, and survival of patients with adenoid cystic carcinoma of major and minor salivary glands versus less common sites within the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results registry.

Fetched: December 21st, 2011, 10:00pm MST

A comparison of the demographics, clinical features, and survival of patients with adenoid cystic carcinoma of major and minor salivary glands versus less common sites within the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results registry.

Cancer. 2011 Dec 16;

Authors: Li N, Xu L, Zhao H, El-Naggar AK, Sturgis EM

Abstract
BACKGROUND: The scientific literature to date lacks population-based studies on the demographics, clinical features, and survival of patients with adenoid cystic carcinoma (ACC) of different anatomic sites. METHODS: The authors identified 5349 patients who had ACC of the major salivary glands (N = 1850), minor salivary glands (N = 2077), breast (N = 696), skin (N = 291), lung and bronchus (N = 203), female genital system (N = 132), and eye and orbit (N = 100) from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) registry. Differences in demographics, clinical features, and survival of patients were assessed. RESULTS: ACC of the eye and orbit was associated with younger age at presentation (mean age,49.9 years). ACC of the skin or breast tended to present with less aggressive prognostic features, whereas ACC of the lung and bronchus or eye and orbit tended to present with more aggressive prognostic features. In a multivariate survival analysis of patients who presented with localized disease, patients with ACC of the breast (hazard ratio [HR], 0.40) or skin (HR, 0.40) had a significantly lower risk death than patients with ACC of the major salivary glands; whereas patients with ACC of the lung and bronchus (HR, 3.72) or the eye and orbit (HR, 3.67) had a significantly higher risk. For patients who presented with regional disease, the only clear prognostic difference in multivariate analysis was that patients with ACC of skin fared significantly better. CONCLUSIONS: The demographics and clinical features of patients with ACC differ by disease site. The current results indicated that site may be an important predictor of survival for patients who present with localized disease but is less important for patients who present with regional disease. Cancer 2012;. © 2011 American Cancer Society.

PMID: 22179977 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
[Analysis of expression of cancer stem cell-related markers in orbital adenoid cystic carcinoma].

Fetched: December 20th, 2011, 10:00pm MST

[Analysis of expression of cancer stem cell-related markers in orbital adenoid cystic carcinoma].

Zhonghua Yan Ke Za Zhi. 2011 Aug;47(8):703-8

Authors: Lin TT, Zhu LM, He YJ, Zhang H

Abstract
OBJECTIVE: To observe the expression and distribution of CD44, CD133, and ABCG2 in orbital adenoid cystic carcinoma (ACC) and investigate their correlations with pathological type and prognosis.
METHOD: Two steps method of immunohistochemical staining was employed in 33 cases of paraffin embedded surgical specimens of human orbital ACC, 5 cases of recurrence samples, 3 cases of an excised lacrimal gland caused by neither inflammation nor tumor diseases, and 6 cases of xenograft tumors in nude mice. A retrospective analysis was performed on the clinical material of these patients, which were collected from Jan. 1991 to Mar. 2009.
RESULTS: The positive rate of CD44 was 54.5% (18/33), with 76.9% (10/13) in solid type and 40.0% (8/20) in adeno-tubiform type. There was no statistically significant difference between them (P = 0.072). In solid type the positive expression cells were often located at the marginal part of the cancer nest. In the adeno-tubiform type, positive cells were often located at the outer layer of the tubiform structure (myoepithelial cells). CD44 was also expressed in normal tissues. The positive rate of CD133 was 57.6% (19/33), with 76.9% (10/13) in solid type and 45.0% (9/20) in adeno-tubiform type. There was no significant difference between them (P = 0.087). CD133 antigen was expressed in either the cytoplasm or nucleus, or expressed in both the cytoplasm and nucleus. The positive rate of ABCG2 was 21.2% (7/33), with 30.77% (4/13) in solid type and 15.0% (3/20) in adeno-tubiform type. There was no significant difference between them (P = 0.393). Many positive cells surrounded the vessels in tumor tissues. There were no significant differences between different prognosis groups of these surface phenotypes. The correlative analysis results of three surface phenotypes showed that CD44(+) cells have positive correlation with CD133(+) cells (Spearman, r(s) = 0.416, P = 0.016). In six transplanted tumors of nude mice, the number of positive cases for CD44(+), CD133(+) and ABCG2(+) was 1, 1 and 4 cases, respectively.
CONCLUSIONS: The expression of CD44, CD133 and ABCG2 in ACC may influence the progress of ACC. However, they cannot be used as the markers for the evaluation of the prognosis of this tumor.

PMID: 22169609 [PubMed - in process]
[Laryngeal adenoid cystic carcinoma: case report].

Fetched: December 20th, 2011, 10:00pm MST

[Laryngeal adenoid cystic carcinoma: case report].

Zhonghua Er Bi Yan Hou Tou Jing Wai Ke Za Zhi. 2011 Aug;46(8):693-4

Authors: Hu GQ, Cao F, Zou Q

PMID: 22169559 [PubMed - in process]
Detection of human papilloma virus and p16 expression in high-grade adenoid cystic carcinoma of the head and neck.

Fetched: December 20th, 2011, 10:00pm MST

Detection of human papilloma virus and p16 expression in high-grade adenoid cystic carcinoma of the head and neck.

Mod Pathol. 2011 Dec 9;

Authors: Boland JM, McPhail ED, García JJ, Lewis JE, Schembri-Wismayer DJ

Abstract
Squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck, particularly basaloid squamous cell carcinoma, may be difficult to distinguish from high-grade adenoid cystic carcinoma. Evidence of human papilloma virus (HPV) infection, particularly HPV 16, is frequently found in non-keratinizing oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma. Immunoreactivity for p16, a surrogate marker for HPV infection, often parallels the HPV infection status in oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma. However, the incidence and correlation between p16 expression and HPV infection in high-grade adenoid cystic carcinoma is unknown. Sixteen cases of high-grade adenoid cystic carcinoma, three cases of dedifferentiated adenoid cystic carcinoma and eight cases of low-/intermediate-grade adenoid cystic carcinoma were identified for inclusion in the study. All cases were tested by immunohistochemistry for p16 expression and in situ hybridization for high- and low-risk HPV. Eight cases (100%) of low-to-intermediate-grade adenoid cystic carcinoma were focally positive for p16, all of which were negative for HPV. In all, 14 of 16 cases (88%) of high-grade adenoid cystic carcinoma and three cases (100%) of dedifferentiated adenoid cystic carcinoma were positive for p16; strong and diffuse staining was noted in three cases (3 of 19, 16%). Two cases (11%) of high-grade adenoid cystic carcinoma, which were also diffusely positive for p16, showed the presence of high-risk HPV. These findings suggest that the presence of HPV infection in high-grade adenoid cystic carcinoma is infrequent, even in the presence of p16 immunostaining. Nevertheless, HPV positivity should not be used to exclude the possibility of high-grade adenoid cystic carcinoma when the differential diagnosis includes squamous cell carcinoma. Moreover, although p16 overexpression is often used as a surrogate marker for HPV in squamous cell carcinoma, it cannot be used in this manner in high-grade adenoid cystic carcinoma.Modern Pathology advance online publication, 9 December 2011; doi:10.1038/modpathol.2011.186.

PMID: 22157933 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Clinical review - Breast adenoid cystic carcinoma.

Fetched: December 20th, 2011, 10:00pm MST

Clinical review - Breast adenoid cystic carcinoma.

Breast. 2011 Dec 9;

Authors: Boujelbene N, Khabir A, Boujelbene N, Jeanneret Sozzi W, Mirimanoff RO, Khanfir K

Abstract
OBJECTIVES: To review the published literature on the diagnosis and management of adenoid cystic carcinoma (ACC) of the breast. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Papers were identified by searching PubMed using the terms « adenoid cystic carcinoma » and « breast ». Additional papers were identified by reviewing references of relevant articles. RESULTS: ACC of the breast is a rare tumour comprising less than 0.1% of breast malignancies. Its cellular origin in the breast remains unclear. The histological characteristics of ACC in the breast are similar to those of ACC of the salivary glands. However the prognosis of ACC of the breast is better than that of other localizations with prolonged survival. Breast-conserving treatment including postoperative radiotherapy seems to be equivalent to mastectomy alone with respect to survival. The value of adjuvant systemic therapies is not established. Late relapses can occur, so long-term follow-up is mandatory for these patients. CONCLUSIONS: ACC of the breast has a favourable prognosis. An accurate diagnosis and appropriate treatment are therefore important.

PMID: 22154460 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
The three faces of cylindroma.

Fetched: December 20th, 2011, 10:00pm MST

The three faces of cylindroma.

Skinmed. 2011 Jul-Aug;9(4):252-4

Authors: Zaleski TA, Dabaghian L, Maghari A, Lambert WC

PMID: 21980711 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
Dermoscopy of solitary cylindroma.

Fetched: December 20th, 2011, 10:00pm MST

Dermoscopy of solitary cylindroma.

Eur J Dermatol. 2011 Jul-Aug;21(4):645-6

Authors: Lallas A, Apalla Z, Tzellos T, Lefaki I

PMID: 21697054 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
Dysregulated TRK signalling is a therapeutic target in CYLD defective tumours.

Fetched: December 20th, 2011, 10:00pm MST

Dysregulated TRK signalling is a therapeutic target in CYLD defective tumours.

Oncogene. 2011 Oct 13;30(41):4243-60

Authors: Rajan N, Elliott R, Clewes O, Mackay A, Reis-Filho JS, Burn J, Langtry J, Sieber-Blum M, Lord CJ, Ashworth A

Abstract
Individuals with germline mutations in the tumour-suppressor gene CYLD are at high risk of developing disfiguring cutaneous appendageal tumours, the defining tumour being the highly organised cylindroma. Here, we analysed CYLD mutant tumour genomes by array comparative genomic hybridisation and gene expression microarray analysis. CYLD mutant tumours were characterised by an absence of copy-number aberrations apart from LOH chromosome 16q, the genomic location of the CYLD gene. Gene expression profiling of CYLD mutant tumours showed dysregulated tropomyosin kinase (TRK) signalling, with overexpression of TRKB and TRKC in tumours when compared with perilesional skin. Immunohistochemical analysis of a tumour microarray showed strong membranous TRKB and TRKC staining in cylindromas, as well as elevated levels of ERK phosphorylation and BCL2 expression. Membranous TRKC overexpression was also observed in 70% of sporadic BCCs. RNA interference-mediated silencing of TRKB and TRKC, as well as treatment with the small-molecule TRK inhibitor lestaurtinib, reduced colony formation and proliferation in 3D primary cell cultures established from CYLD mutant tumours. These results suggest that TRK inhibition could be used as a strategy to treat tumours with loss of functional CYLD.

PMID: 21552290 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
Metastatic adenoid cystic carcinoma of the salivary gland responding to cetuximab plus weekly paclitaxel after no response to weekly paclitaxel alone.

Fetched: December 8th, 2011, 10:00pm MST

Metastatic adenoid cystic carcinoma of the salivary gland responding to cetuximab plus weekly paclitaxel after no response to weekly paclitaxel alone.

Head Neck. 2011 Dec 5;

Authors: Caballero M, E Sosa A, Tagliapietra A, Grau JJ

Abstract
BACKGROUND: Adenoid cystic carcinoma (ACC) of the salivary gland frequently develops lung metastases. In cases in which chemotherapy is indicated, resistance is a common phenomenon. New drugs, such as cetuximab, have been chosen to avoid this chemoresistance. METHODS AND RESULTS: A 54-year-old man was diagnosed with ACC of the right submandibular gland. He underwent a submandibular gland resection with adjuvant radiotherapy. Three years later, bilateral lung metastases were diagnosed and treated with various chemotherapy schedules, including paclitaxel without success. We obtained radiographic response, followed by disease stabilization for more than 1 year with the addition of cetuximab to paclitaxel administered at low weekly doses (metronomic schedule). CONCLUSION: This case demonstrates for the first time a reversion of primary resistance to chemotherapy in ACC that is currently considered chemoresistant by use of a combination of metronomic chemotherapy with new targeted agents such as cetuximab. Metronomic chemotherapy was also well tolerated and achieved long-term response. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck, 2011.

PMID: 22144378 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Upper lip malignant neoplasms. A study of 59 cases.

Fetched: December 8th, 2011, 10:00pm MST

Upper lip malignant neoplasms. A study of 59 cases.

Med Oral Patol Oral Cir Bucal. 2011 Dec 6;

Authors: Luna-Ortiz K, Güemes-Meza A, Villavicencio-Valencia V, Mosqueda-Taylor A

Abstract
Objectives: To present the demographic data, clinico-pathologic features and therapeutic outcome of a series of upper lip malignancies. Study Design: Retrospective study at a single Cancer Institution in Mexico City during a 14-year period. Results: There were 59 cases, (30 males and 29 females); age range: 14 to 106 years (mean: 73 yr.). Antecedents of ultraviolet light and tobacco exposure were found in 20 (33.9%) and 16 cases (27%) respectively. There were 35 squamous cell carcinomas (59.3%), 19 basal cell carcinomas (32.2%) and one case each (1.7%) of adenocarcinoma NOS, adenoid cystic carcinoma, angiosarcoma, Merkel cell carcinoma and melanoma. There were 14 cases in stage I (23.7%), 14 in stage II (23.7%), 3 in stage III (5.1%) 14 in stage IV (23.7%) and 14 were not classified (23.7%). There were no significant differences with respect to the overall survival curve and the disease-free survival curve among surgical treatment and radiotherapy. In addition, there was not statistically significant difference in the overall survival and disease-free survival among squamous cell carcinoma and basal cell carcinoma cases with respect to the type of treatment. Conclusions: Upper lip malignant neoplasms are infrequent lesions. The present series describes the main clinico-pathological features in a hospital-based population in Mexico city and demonstrates some differences with respect to those found in the lower lip.

PMID: 22143714 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Bilateral tonsillar adenoid cystic carcinoma.

Fetched: December 4th, 2011, 10:00pm MST

Bilateral tonsillar adenoid cystic carcinoma.

J Craniofac Surg. 2011 Nov;22(6):2408-12

Authors: Azizli E, Akpinar M, Gunver F, Yigit O

Abstract
ABSTRACT: Adenoid cystic carcinoma is a malignant epithelial tumor of the salivary glands. It accounts for less than 1% of all head and neck cancers and less than 10% of all salivary gland neoplasms. It shows slow and indolent growth rate, low probability of regional nodal metastases, high propensity for perineural invasion, multiple and/or delayed recurrences and high incidence of distant metastases. It is the most frequently encountered malignant tumor of the minor salivary glands. The oral cavity and the oropharynx are the most common sites followed by the parotid, submandibular gland, paranasal sinuses, larynx, trachea, and pharynx, in frequency order. In this report an adenoid cystic carcinoma of oral cavity localized in the left palatine tonsil and right peritonsillar tissue was presented.

PMID: 22134294 [PubMed - in process]
Adenoid Basal Carcinoma of the Uterine Cervix: Clinicopathologic Features of 12 Cases With Reference to CD117 Expression.

Fetched: December 1st, 2011, 10:00pm MST

Adenoid Basal Carcinoma of the Uterine Cervix: Clinicopathologic Features of 12 Cases With Reference to CD117 Expression.

Int J Gynecol Pathol. 2011 Nov 24;

Authors: Chen TD, Chuang HC, Lee LY

Abstract
Adenoid basal carcinoma is a rare tumor of the uterine cervix. Less than 100 cases have been documented thus far, and only a few cases have been reported among the Asian population. An important differential diagnosis is cervical adenoid cystic carcinoma because of their overlapping morphologic appearances but absolutely different clinical outcomes. The treatment of adenoid basal carcinoma should be conservative due to its generally benign behavior. CD117 (c-kit) have been recently found immunohistochemically positive for adenoid cystic carcinomas of other anatomic locations and may serve as a useful ancillary differential marker. CD117 expression for adenoid cystic carcinoma and adenoid basal carcinoma of the uterine cervix has never been evaluated. We report the clinicopathologic features of 12 adenoid basal carcinomas with reference to CD117 expression, which represent the largest series from the Asian population. All typical adenoid basal carcinomas are negative for CD117 or have only an equivocal staining intensity. In contrast, 1 adenoid cystic carcinoma and 1 mixed adenoid basal/cystic carcinoma of the uterine cervix are positive for CD117. CD117 may be of value in differential diagnosis between these 2 entities and guide follow-up and treatment program. Further investigation of CD117 expression in a larger series of adenoid cystic carcinoma of the uterine cervix is needed to validate this notion.

PMID: 22123720 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Role of ultrasound in the assessment of benignity and malignancy of parotid masses.

Fetched: November 29th, 2011, 10:00pm MST

Role of ultrasound in the assessment of benignity and malignancy of parotid masses.

Dentomaxillofac Radiol. 2011 Nov 24;

Authors: Wu S, Liu G, Chen R, Guan Y

Abstract
OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to investigate the value of ultrasound in the identification of benign and malignant parotid masses.Methods: Data of 189 patients with parotid gland masses undergoing ultrasound-guided FNA, core biopsy or surgery were reviewed retrospectively and the presumed sonographic diagnoses were compared with the histopathology. The sensitivity, specificity and accuracy of sonographic diagnoses were assessed and the sonographic characteristics of those lesions, including shape, margin, echogenicity, echotexture and vascularisation, were studied.Results: Of the189 patients, the final pathological diagnosis included 18 malignant tumours and 171 benign masses; the presumed sonographic diagnoses showed 165 cases as benign and probably benign masses (11 cases were confirmed malignant, 154 cases benign) and 24 cases were diagnosed as probably malignant and malignant masses (7 cases were confirmed malignant, 17 cases benign). The sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value and accuracy of ultrasound for the diagnosis of parotid gland masses were 38.9%, 90.1%, 29.2%, 93.3% and 85.2%, respectively, and accuracy for malignant masses was 20%. The sonographic characteristics of parotid masses between benign and malignant lesions had no significant differences. The parotid gland masses in this study included pleomorphic adenoma, Warthin's tumour, retention cyst, haemangiomas, chronic granuloma, lymphoma, fibrolipoma, abscess, basal cell adenoma, oncocytoma, lymphatic tuberculosis, myoepithelioma, neurilemmoma, mucoepidermoid carcinoma, adenoid cystic carcinoma, alveolar soft part sarcoma and retinal blastoma (metastasis). CONCLUSION: It is challenging to use sonography for differentiating between benign and malignant parotid gland masses. To make a definite diagnosis, ultrasound-guided FNA or core biopsy is advocated.

PMID: 22116132 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Flavokawain B induces apoptosis of human oral adenoid cystic cancer ACC-2 cells via up-regulation of Bim and down-regulation of Bcl-2 expression.

Fetched: November 29th, 2011, 10:00pm MST

Flavokawain B induces apoptosis of human oral adenoid cystic cancer ACC-2 cells via up-regulation of Bim and down-regulation of Bcl-2 expression.

Can J Physiol Pharmacol. 2011 Nov 24;

Authors: Zhao X, Chao YL, Wan QB, Chen XM, Su P, Sun J, Tang Y

Abstract
Novel effective drugs are still urgently needed in the prevention and treatment of oral adenoid cystic carcinoma (ACC). In this study, we have assessed the antitumor potential and molecular mechanisms of flavokawain B (FKB) as a kava chalcone on the ACC-2 cell line in vitro. The results demonstrated that FKB could significantly inhibit the cell proliferation of ACC-2 in a dose-dependent manner that was associated with induced apoptosis and cell cycle G2-M arrest, and the half maximal inhibitory concentration (IC(50)) of flavokawain-B treatment for 48 h was estimated to be 4.69 ± 0.43 µmol/L. Mechanistically, FKB could induce the release of cytochrome c from mitochondria into the cytosol, and activate the cleavage of caspase-3 and, eventually, the poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP), in a dose-dependent manner, leading to marked apoptotic effect of ACC-2 cells. The apoptotic action of FKB was associated with the increased expression of proapoptotic proteins: Bim, Bax, Bak and a decreased expression of antiapoptotic Bcl-2. Among them, Bim expression was significantly induced by FKB, and knockdown of Bim expression by short-hairpin RNAs attenuated the inhibitory effect induced by FKB on ACC-2 cells. These results suggest Bim may be one of the potential transcriptional targets, and suggests the potential usefulness of FKB for the prevention and treatment of ACC.

PMID: 22115332 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Coexpression of hypoxia-inducible factor-2α, TWIST2, and SIP1 may correlate with invasion and metastasis of salivary adenoid cystic carcinoma.

Fetched: November 25th, 2011, 10:00pm MST

Coexpression of hypoxia-inducible factor-2α, TWIST2, and SIP1 may correlate with invasion and metastasis of salivary adenoid cystic carcinoma.

J Oral Pathol Med. 2011 Nov 21;

Authors: Zhou C, Liu J, Tang Y, Zhu G, Zheng M, Jiang J, Yang J, Liang X

Abstract
J Oral Pathol Med (2011) Background: Adenoid cystic carcinoma (ACC) of salivary gland is characterized by advanced local invasion and distant metastasis. Intratumoral hypoxia was reported to be associated with epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) regulators. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the relationship between hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF)-2α, TWIST2, and SIP1 expression and the invasion and metastasis in ACC of salivary gland. Method: In vitro we first detected the expression of HIF-2α, TWIST2, and SIP1 in two ACC cell lines by Western blot and real-time RT-PCR. Then, in vivo, a retrospective investigation of 121 patients with ACC from Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University between 1996 and 2005 was carried out using immunohistochemistry to analyze the association between the expression of these three factors and clinical-pathological factors of patients. Results: The protein and mRNA levels of HIF-2α, TWIST2, and SIP1 in the high-metastasis cell line (ACC-M) were much higher than those of the low-metastasis cell line (ACC-2). The positive expression of HIF-2α, TWIST2, and SIP1 (71.07%, 42.98%, and 38.02%, respectively) was associated with the perineural invasion, the local recurrence, and distant metastasis of patients with ACC (P < 0.05). The patients with the positive coexpression of the three factors had a lower survival rate than those with the negative expression (P < 0.05). Conclusion: It is proposed that the elevated expression of HIF-2α, TWIST2, and SIP1 can contribute to invasion and metastasis of ACC, and there might be some correlation between the hypoxia microenvironment and EMT in ACC.

PMID: 22103974 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Fine-needle aspiration cytology of basaloid squamous cell carcinoma and small cell carcinoma-A comparison study.

Fetched: November 25th, 2011, 10:00pm MST

Fine-needle aspiration cytology of basaloid squamous cell carcinoma and small cell carcinoma-A comparison study.

Diagn Cytopathol. 2011 Nov 18;

Authors: Marks RA, Cramer HM, Wu HH

Abstract
The cytopathologic diagnosis of basaloid squamous cell carcinoma can be problematic as there are several components of the differential diagnosis that share common cytomorphologic features. In this study, we report the fine-needle aspiration (FNA) findings of 16 basaloid squamous cell carcinoma cases and compare those cases to 16 cases of small cell carcinoma. To our knowledge, this is the largest series of basaloid squamous cell carcinoma FNA cases ever reported. The following cytomorphologic features were compared for both tumors: cohesive tissue fragments, single cells, adenoid cystic-like features (cribriform pseudoglandular lumina with hyaline materials), necrosis, nuclear size, nuclear molding, nucleoli, cytoplasm, and the presence of single keratinized cells. Adenoid cystic-like features and the presence of single keratinized cells were specific for basaloid squamous cell carcinoma (P < 0.05). Diagn. Cytopathol. 2011; © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

PMID: 22102491 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Adenoid cystic carcinoma of parotid gland treated with surgery and radiotherapy: Long-term outcomes, QoL assessment and review of the literature.

Fetched: November 20th, 2011, 10:00pm MST

Adenoid cystic carcinoma of parotid gland treated with surgery and radiotherapy: Long-term outcomes, QoL assessment and review of the literature.

Oral Oncol. 2011 Nov 15;

Authors: Al-Mamgani A, van Rooij P, Sewnaik A, Tans L, Hardillo JA

Abstract
To assess outcomes, toxicity and quality-of-life (QoL) of patients with parotid gland adenoid cystic carcinoma (PGACC) treated by surgery and postoperative radiotherapy. Between 1995 and 2010, 46 patients with PGACC were treated with parotidectomy±neck dissection followed by radiotherapy. Endpoints were loco-regional control (LRC), distant metastasis-free (DMFS), disease-free (DFS), cause-specific (CSS), and overall survival (OS), late toxicity, and QoL. After a median follow-up of 58months (range 4-171), the 5-year Kaplan-Meier estimates of LRC, DMFS, DFS, CSS, and OS were 88%, 78%, 75%, 80%, and 67%, respectively and the 8-year rates were 88%, 75%, 72%, 77%, and 64%, respectively. On multivariate analysis, T-stage, N-stage, tumor grade, and perineural invasion correlate significantly with DMFS and DFS. The overall 5-year cumulative incidence of grade ⩾2 late toxicity was 9%. QoL-scores deteriorate during and shortly after treatment but returned in all scales to almost baseline levels within 6months. Excellent LRC rates were achieved in patients with PGACC treated by surgery and postoperative radiotherapy with low rate of late side-effects and preservation of good QoL. Despite the effective local therapy, 9 of 46 patients (20%) failed distantly. Because effective treatment strategies for this problem are lacking, prospective trials are needed to determine the role of adjuvant systemic or targeted therapy in patients at high risk of DM.

PMID: 22093375 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Cancer stem-like cells in adenoid cystic carcinoma of salivary glands: relationship with morphogenesis of histological variants.

Fetched: November 20th, 2011, 10:00pm MST

Cancer stem-like cells in adenoid cystic carcinoma of salivary glands: relationship with morphogenesis of histological variants.

J Oral Pathol Med. 2011 Nov 16;

Authors: Fujita S, Ikeda T

Abstract
J Oral Pathol Med (2011) Background: Adenoid cystic carcinoma (AdCC) is a common malignant salivary gland tumor. AdCC is histologically characterized as having cribriform, tubular and solid patterns, and production of excess extracellular matrix (ECM). Cancer stem cells (CSCs) are defined cells within a tumor that possess the capacity to self-renew and to induce the heterogeneous lineages of cancer cells that comprise the tumor. Methods: To examine the morphogenetic relationship between CSCs and the growth patterns in AdCC, we employed formalin-fixed and paraffin-embedded 26 cases of AdCC and immunohistochemically clarified the distribution of CSCs using CD133 and CD44 antibodies. Results: CD133- or CD44-positive cancer stem (CS)-like cells were scattered in the pseudocyst-lining area of cribriform patterns having a Swiss cheese-like appearance. However, based on the further overproduction of ECM, CS-like cells accumulate in thin epithelial cords or trabecular arrangements. These CS-like cell aggregations are considered to form two cell-layered tubular patterns. Moreover, proliferation of outer cells in tubular patterns leads to cribriform patterns or solid patterns in the presence of excess ECM production or a lack of ECM overproduction, respectively. CS-like cells in AdCC were frequently located at the border areas adjacent to ECM, with exception of some cribriform and solid variants. Conclusion: It is suggested that CSCs included in CD133- or CD44-positive cells play an important role in morphogenesis of salivary AdCC, especially in transition among the histological growth patterns. ECM is well known as a component of the CSC microenvironment, and ECM may regulate morphogenesis of AdCC through the stimulation of CSCs.

PMID: 22092469 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Adenoid cystic carcinoma of the base of the tongue: Late metastasis to the pancreas.

Fetched: November 20th, 2011, 10:00pm MST

Adenoid cystic carcinoma of the base of the tongue: Late metastasis to the pancreas.

Int J Surg Case Rep. 2011;2(1):1-3

Authors: Falk GA, El-Hayek K, Morris-Stiff G, Tuthill RJ, Winans CG

Abstract
Adenoid cystic carcinoma (ACC) is a relatively rare epithelial tumor of the salivary glands. We present a 64-year-old gentleman with ACC of the tongue who following resection and radiotherapy, presented 10 years later with a lung metastasis and underwent operative intervention and further radiotherapy. Five years later he presented with obstructive jaundice found to be metastatic ACC. We believe this to be the first report of an ACC metastasizing to the pancreas.

PMID: 22096672 [PubMed - in process]
Cytodiagnosis of intracranial metastatic adenoid cystic carcinoma: Spread from a primary tumor in the lacrimal gland.

Fetched: November 19th, 2011, 10:00pm MST

Cytodiagnosis of intracranial metastatic adenoid cystic carcinoma: Spread from a primary tumor in the lacrimal gland.

J Cytol. 2011 Oct;28(4):200-2

Authors: Mardi K, Kaushal V, Uppal H

Abstract
Adenoid cystic carcinoma (ACC) of the lacrimal gland is a rarely encountered orbital tumor. It invades intracranially more frequently than carcinomas of other glands in the head and neck. A 61-year-old man underwent right orbital exenteration for a tumor in the supraorbital region. He had lost all records and presented to us with a diffuse swelling in the right forehead, six years later. Fine-needle aspiration cytology of the right frontal swelling revealed monomorphic population of small, slightly atypical cells, arranged in multilayered groups with abundant fine intercellular metachromatic substance between cell groups. There were hyaline globules of varying size with attached tumor cells. Cytological diagnosis of metastatic intracranial ACC with a lacrimal gland primary was suggested. Biopsy of the swelling confirmed our cytological diagnosis of ACC with perineural, vascular and lymphatic invasion. Thus, the authors report this case of intracranial metastasis of ACC of the lacrimal gland to remind neurosurgeons planning intervention that this disease shows a tendency to invade intracranially.

PMID: 22090696 [PubMed - in process]
Concurrent chemoradiation for adenoid cystic carcinoma of the head and neck.

Fetched: November 17th, 2011, 10:00pm MST

Concurrent chemoradiation for adenoid cystic carcinoma of the head and neck.

Head Neck. 2011 Nov 15;

Authors: Samant S, van den Brekel MW, Kies MS, Wan J, Robbins KT, Rosenthal DI, Rasch C, Weber RS

Abstract
BACKGROUND: We performed a retrospective review of patients with nonresected head and neck adenoid cystic carcinoma (ACC) treated with concurrent chemoradiation. METHODS: Sixteen patients (nasopharynx 7, oropharynx 4, trachea 3, oral and nasal cavity 1 each) were treated at 3 tertiary care centers. Six patients received intraarterial cisplatin and 10 received intravenous cisplatin or carboplatin concurrently with radiation. RESULTS: Thirteen patients are alive, 7 without signs of disease with a median follow-up of 61 months. Tumor progression was noted in 8 patients (50%) (distant metastasis in 5 patients and local tumor progression in 3 patients) with a median time to progression of 25 months (range, 4-52 months). Overall survival (OS), progression-free survival (PFS), and local progression-free survival (LPFS) rates at 5 years were 87%, 39%, and 61%, respectively. CONCLUSION: Concurrent chemoradiation is a feasible treatment option and may lead to sustained locoregional tumor control in patients with nonresected ACC of the head and neck. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck, 2011.

PMID: 22083968 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Spiradenocarcinoma with low-grade basal cell adenocarcinoma pattern: report of a case with varied morphology and wild type TP53.

Fetched: November 16th, 2011, 10:00pm MST

Spiradenocarcinoma with low-grade basal cell adenocarcinoma pattern: report of a case with varied morphology and wild type TP53.

J Cutan Pathol. 2011 Nov 12;

Authors: Petersson F, Nga ME

Abstract
We present a patient with a 2-cm spiradenocarcinoma of the left arm resembling low-grade salivary gland basal cell adenocarcinoma. In addition to showing attributes of conventional spiradenoma, the benign component showed prominent areas of cystic change with focal apocrine differentiation, glands with and without mucinous differentiation, clear cell change and focal adenoid cystic carcinoma-like areas. The malignant component was composed of nodules of basaloid cells arranged in sheets with variable tendency to luminal differentiation. The nuclear atypia was low-grade, and the mitotic index was high in the malignant component (to 8/10 high power fields). Immunohistochemically, there was diffuse but variable positivity for cytokeratin 7 in both the benign and malignant components. Epithelial membrane antigen was focally positive, highlighting cells with ductal (luminal) differentiation. Expression of p63 was observed in 50 and 80% of the cells in the benign and malignant components, respectively. Calponin was negative. The proliferative index (MIB-1/Ki-67) was <3% in the benign component and up to 10% in the malignant component. Although the malignant component displayed patchy areas with nuclear p53 immunoreactivity with variable intensity, no mutation in the TP53 gene was identified. Petersson F, Nga ME. Spiradenocarcinoma with low-grade basal cell adenocarcinoma pattern: report of a case with varied morphology and wild type TP53.

PMID: 22077486 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
A phase II study of sunitinib in recurrent and/or metastatic adenoid cystic carcinoma (ACC) of the salivary glands: current progress and challenges in evaluating molecularly targeted agents in ACC.

Fetched: November 16th, 2011, 10:00pm MST

A phase II study of sunitinib in recurrent and/or metastatic adenoid cystic carcinoma (ACC) of the salivary glands: current progress and challenges in evaluating molecularly targeted agents in ACC.

Ann Oncol. 2011 Nov 11;

Authors: Chau NG, Hotte SJ, Chen EX, Chin SF, Turner S, Wang L, Siu LL

Abstract
BACKGROUND: Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and c-kit are highly expressed in adenoid cystic carcinoma (ACC) and associated with biologic aggressiveness. This study aimed to assess the antitumor activity of sunitinib, a multi-targeted inhibitor of vascular endothelial growth factor receptor, c-kit, platelet-derived growth factor receptor, ret proto-oncogene (RET) and FMS-like tyrosine kinase 3 (FLT3), in ACC of the salivary gland. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Patients with progressive, recurrent and/or metastatic ACC were treated with sunitinib 37.5 mg daily in this single-arm, two-stage phase II trial. Response was assessed every 8 weeks. RESULTS: Fourteen patients were enrolled on to the study. Among 13 assessable patients, there were no objective responses, 11 patients had stable disease (SD), 8 patients had SD ≥6 months and 2 patients had progressive disease as best response. Median time to progression was 7.2 months. Median overall survival was 18.7 months. Toxic effects occurring in at least 50% of patients included fatigue, oral mucositis and hypophosphatemia usually of mild to moderate severity. CONCLUSIONS: Although no responses were observed, sunitinib was well tolerated, with prolonged tumor stabilization of ≥6 months in 62% of assessable patients. The lack of responses is comparable with other trials of molecularly targeted agents in ACC and highlights the need for novel strategies in phase II clinical trial design.

PMID: 22080184 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Adenoid cystic carcinoma of the Bartholin's gland: case report and systematic review of the literature.

Fetched: November 10th, 2011, 10:00pm MST

Adenoid cystic carcinoma of the Bartholin's gland: case report and systematic review of the literature.

Eur J Gynaecol Oncol. 2011;32(5):567-72

Authors: Alsan CI, Vinh-Hung V, Eren F, Abacioğlu U

Abstract
Adenoid cystic carcinoma (ACC) of the Bartholin's gland is a rare malignancy of the female genital tract. Seventy-nine cases have been reported in the literature. A 40-year-old women presented to our clinic with twice locally recurrent ACC of Bartholin's gland of the left vulva despite hemivulvectomy. Adjuvant radiotherapy was delivered after the third resection. There was no local recurrence after three years follow-up, although she developed lung metastases that remain under control with oral cyclophosphamide. Our case confirms the literature review, which indicates a slow growing tumor with frequent local recurrences (30%) and distant metastases (31%). Adjuvant radiotherapy and/or chemotherapy should be considered in the management of ACC of Bartholin's gland.

PMID: 22053678 [PubMed - in process]
Raster-scanned carbon ion therapy for malignant salivary gland tumors: acute toxicity and initial treatment response.

Fetched: November 5th, 2011, 11:00pm MDT

Raster-scanned carbon ion therapy for malignant salivary gland tumors: acute toxicity and initial treatment response.

Radiat Oncol. 2011 Nov 2;6(1):149

Authors: Jensen AD, Nikoghosyan AV, Ecker S, Ellerbrock M, Debus J, Herfarth KK, Munter MW

Abstract
ABSTRACT: Background and purpose: To investigate toxicity and efficacy in high-risk malignant salivary gland tumors (MSGT) of the head and neck. Local control in R2-resected adenoid cystic carcinoma was already improved with a combination of IMRT and carbon ion boost at only mild side-effects, hence this treatment was also offered to patients with MSGT and microscopic residual disease (R1) or perineural spread (Pn+). METHODS: From November 2009, all patients with MSGT treated with carbon ion therapy were evaluated. Acute side effects were scored according to CTCAE v.4.03. Tumor response was assessed according to RECIST where applicable. RESULTS: 103 patients were treated from 11/2009 to 03/2011, median follow-up is 6 months. 60 pts received treatment following R2 resections or as definitive radiation, 43 patients received adjuvant radiation for R1 and/or Pn+. 16 patients received carbon ion treatment for re-irradiation. Median total dose was 73.2 GyE (23.9 GyE carbon ions + 49,9 Gy IMRT) for primary treatment and 44.9 GyE carbon ions for re-irradiation. All treatments were completed as planned and generally well tolerated with no greater than CTC grade III toxicity. Rates of CTC grade III toxicity (mucositis and dysphagia) were 10.3% with side-effects almost completely resolved at first follow-up. 47 patients showed good treatment responses (CR/ PR) according to RECIST. CONCLUSION: Acute toxicity remains low in IMRT with carbon ion boost also in R1-resected patients and patients undergoing re-irradiation. R2-resected patients showed high rates of treatment response, though follow-up is too short to assess long-term disease control.

PMID: 22046954 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]

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